The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) released a report stating that the combined military casualties of Russia and Ukraine since the war began in February 2022 have exceeded two million. According to the study, Russian forces have suffered about 1.4 million losses—including killed, wounded, and missing—of which 400,000 to 450,000 were killed. Ukrainian casualties are estimated at 525,000 to 625,000, with 125,000 to 150,000 fatalities. The report also claims that Russia’s death toll surpasses the total number of American deaths in all post‑World War II conflicts, and that the ratio of Russian to Ukrainian casualties in the first half of 2026 may reach roughly 8 to 1. These figures are independent estimates and differ from official statistics released by Russia and Ukraine.