Joint German‑French weapons programmes often stall because, despite political alignment, the two countries have different military requirements, industrial interests and strategic cultures. French forces focus on expeditionary operations in Africa and the Middle East, preferring lighter, mobile systems, while Germany concentrates on European defence against Russia and favors heavier equipment. This clash is evident in the MGCS future tank project, where France pushes for a new combat system with drones and advanced weapons, whereas Germany leans toward a direct Leopard 2 replacement.
Industrial competition further complicates matters. In the sixth‑generation fighter programme FCAS, disputes between France’s Dassault Aviation and Germany’s Airbus over design control and technology ownership have delayed progress for years. Similar rivalries over work share have plagued the MGCS effort.
Export policy differences add another layer of friction. France, a major arms exporter, wants unrestricted sales of joint products, while Germany’s stricter export rules sometimes block sales, causing French investors to fear that Berlin may veto future exports. Bureaucratic hurdles and the need for multiple governmental and military approvals also slow development compared to national projects. The shifting security environment after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has pushed Germany to prioritize quicker, national solutions over lengthy joint programmes.