Critics argue that the $300 billion reconstruction fund outlined in the U.S.-Iran memorandum of understanding is unlikely to benefit Iran directly. They note that the program is framed as an investment scheme rather than a government grant, meaning private companies would finance projects.
Analysts say private investors may be reluctant to commit capital to Iran’s troubled economy, and any funds that do flow would be controlled by foreign firms, potentially increasing Tehran’s exposure to economic pressure and espionage. Moreover, they warn that companies are unlikely to work with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, which plays a key role in the country's construction sector, limiting the effectiveness of the rebuilding effort.